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It seems like there are no good insulation choices, and we picked cellulose
because it seemed like the best option, both for performance and environmental
reasons. Of course the reality is that its just shredded recycled paper
treated with borates to prevent mold and reduce flammability. We had some
concern as to whether the borates stay in the cellulose over the long term, and
the general consensus seemed to be yes, but not necessarily an emphatic yes.
Even if the answer is yes, the idea of using a product that would seem to be so
susceptible to fire and mold seems like a bad idea. Of course wood and
straw also burn and also are attacked by mold, but at least they have a much
smaller surface area.
Although the original plan was to spray the cellulose in, our deep wall
cavities and wide framing spacing resulted in immediate blowouts- there just
wasn't enough wood for the insulation to stick to even after we added blocking
half way up the wall. While this method may perform well in shallow walls,
it was totally bogus in our setup, even though they did get it to work in some
places. The alternative method is to cover the wall cavities in a light
fabric, pop a hole in each bay and blow insulation in ("dense
pack"). In this method it would appear there was virtually no way any
settling would ever occur because the cavity is packed like an overstuffed
chair, and in places the fabric bulged so much the sheetrockers complained that
it was hard to attach the board. In the case of blown in, it seems prudent
to get sheetrock on it as fast as possible as it doesn't appear to stick in the
cavities all that well, especially in the presence of all the pounding that goes
on during construction.
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Insulation sprayed onto walls and blown into ceiling (far
left), in this case just as a sound barrier between the two units. Although
the insulation didn't stick well in our deep walls cavities (right), its
stuck just fine in the 2x4 walls. Still it doesn't take much to knock it
out, so you have to cover it with sheetrock pretty quickly. In the blown
in system, fabric is stapled to the studs, and the cellulose is blown into holes
punched into the fabric (center).
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If there is any obvious downside to cellulose, it is that it is terribly
dusty, and the dust seemed noxious. The installers wore masks and as we were
making last minute changes to framing and electrical, we quickly discovered that
the dust is really irritating to your lungs and eyes. Even with a mask,
you need to go to fresh air frequently to keep your eyes from getting too
irritated. Like sheetrock, once installed, cellulose is best left
alone. Of course it is easy to argue that fiberglass is just as bad, if
not worse.
There are a few situations where we used foam board to supplement the
cellulose: there were three cases where we had framing that wasn't thick enough
to hold the amount of insulation we wanted to we added foam board to the
exterior. (TBA details when we actually do this.). We also plan on
using a polystyrene board to insulate the sauna, since cellulose won't tolerate
the high temperatures of the sauna, and having lost her father to asbestosis,
Kim wanted no part of fiberglass, even if in reality the health risks don't
compare. It was more an issue of why take any risk at all when an
alternative is available.
Since the roof is an SIP, the insulation is also the structure, and in this
case the insulation material is polystyrene.
Air Sealing
We seal of as many possible air leaks not only to reduce our heat loss, but to
keep moisture laden air out of our insulation. The outside of the house is
covered in an overlapped double layer of tar paper (see siding
for more details) to slow wind penetration, and all penetrations in the
envelope as sealed with spray foam. This includes sealing around all
plumbing plumbing lines, electrical lines and ventilation ducts that travel
through an insulated cavity. Because plywood is part of our air barrier,
we also seal any joints between plywood that you can see daylight through, and
likewise in all the rim joists. Because plywood is more very permeable to
water vapor, the downside to our air sealing is that it reduces the ability of
the wall cavity to dry to the exterior. At this time, we know no good
solution to this.
We used two different products for air sealing: a low expansion foam was used
for most of the locations (they call it non-expanding, but in fact it expands so
you have to be careful in places like around door jambs), and a non-hardening
foam/caulk made by DAP, which was used around the windows. The sun tube
(pictured below) was sealed with a third product in a demonstration of a new two
part foam product.
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Various Air sealing locations
Sun pipes are notoriously leaky, so we sealed ours real well with a
new kind of spray foam (far left). The rim joists in the basement
are sealed (2nd from left), and so are the wires & pipes coming up from the
basement (2nd from right). All around the windows, we use a non-hardening
caulk (far right).
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